Wat is Lariam?
Lariam is the brand name for Mefloquine, a quinoline-methanol antimalarial medicine first developed in the 1970s for use against Chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Lariam has historically been widely prescribed for malaria prophylaxis due to its convenient once-weekly dosing schedule and efficacy against resistant malaria strains.
However, Lariam carries a well-established and significant risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects — including anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and in rare cases, psychosis — which has led to updated prescribing guidance from the Europees Geneesmiddelenbureau (EMA) and regulatory agencies worldwide. As a result, Lariam is now generally considered a second-line option for malaria prophylaxis, reserved for cases where alternative medicines (Malarone or Doxycycline) are not suitable.
Hoe werkt Lariam work?
The exact mechanism of action of Mefloquine is not fully understood. It is believed to act by interfering with haem detoxification within the malaria parasite’s food vacuole, similar in some respects to Chloroquine, but Mefloquine retains activity against Chloroquine-resistant strains due to structural differences.
Mefloquine is a blood-stage antimalarial — it acts on the asexual stages of Plasmodium parasites once they have entered the bloodstream. It does not eliminate dormant liver-stage parasites (hypnozoites) of P. vivax or P. ovale.
Lariam’s long half-life of approximately 2–3 weeks means it persists in the body for an extended period, which accounts for both its once-weekly dosing convenience and the prolonged duration of side effects if they occur.
Voor wie is Lariam for?
Given its risk profile, Lariam is generally considered appropriate only when:
- Malarone (Atovaquone/Proguanil) and Doxycycline are contraindicated or not tolerated
- Travel is to a region with high-risk P. falciparum malaria where Mefloquine remains effective (not applicable in parts of Southeast Asia with documented Mefloquine resistance)
- The patient has no personal or family history of psychiatric disorders, seizures, or cardiac conduction abnormalities
Lariam may be considered for:
- Travel to sub-Saharan Africa (excluding areas with documented Mefloquine resistance)
- Long-duration travel where once-weekly dosing provides a practical advantage
- Travellers who cannot take daily medication reliably
Lariam is not recommended for travel to:
- Areas of Southeast Asia with documented Mefloquine resistance (particularly Thailand-Myanmar and Thailand-Cambodia borders)
- Areas where first-line alternatieven are equally accessible
Dosering
For malaria prophylaxis in adults, the EMA-approved schedule is:
| Phase | Adult Dose | Timing |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-travel loading | 250 mg once weekly | Start 2–3 weeks before departure |
| During travel | 250 mg once weekly | Continue throughout stay |
| Post-travel | 250 mg once weekly | Continue for 4 weeks after leaving risk area |
Starting Lariam 2–3 weeks before departure (rather than 1–2 weeks as with some other antimalarials) is specifically recommended to allow identification of any neuropsychiatric side effects before travel begins, enabling a switch to an alternative if needed.
Lariam should be taken with food and a full glass of water, on the same day each week.
Bijwerkingen
Neuropsychiatric side effects (EMA Black Box Warning)
Mefloquine can cause serious neuropsychiatric adverse events. These may include:
- Vivid or disturbing dreams, nightmares
- Insomnia or other sleep disturbances
- Anxiety, agitation, or restlessness
- Depression
- Mood changes
- Paranoia or unusual suspicion
- Hallucinations (auditory or visual)
- Confusion or disorientation
- Suicidal ideation (rare)
In rare cases, psychosis has been reported. The EMA has mandated that these risks be clearly communicated to patients receiving Lariam. Any neuropsychiatric symptoms should be reported to a doctor immediately. The long half-life of Mefloquine means that symptoms can persist for weeks after the last dose.
Veel voorkomende bijwerkingen
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Headache
- Diarrhoea
- Fatigue
Serious but less common side effects
- Cardiac effects: Bradycardia (slowing of the heart), QT prolongation — relevant for patients with existing cardiac conditions
- Seizures: Risk is elevated in patients with a personal or family history of epilepsy
- Vestibular effects: Persistent dizziness or balance problems, which may continue after stopping the medicine
Lariam vs alternatieven
| Medicine | Dosing | Neuropsychiatric Risk | SE Asia Use | Post-travel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lariam (Mefloquine) | Weekly | Significant (EMA black box) | Limited (resistance) | 4 weeks |
| Malarone | Daily | Minimal | Yes | 7 days |
| Doxycycline | Daily | Minimal | Yes | 4 weeks |
| Chloroquine | Weekly | Minimal | Not recommended (resistance) | 4 weeks |
Hoe verkrijgt u Lariam online in Europa krijgen
Lariam is a receptplichtig geneesmiddel in all EU-lidstaten. Prescrivia operates as a technology intermediary — we do not prescribe medicines, employ doctors, or sell medicines. Our platform connects patients with independent EU-registered doctors who can conduct online travel health assessments.
Due to Lariam’s significant neuropsychiatric risk profile, doctors conducting assessments will pay particular attention to:
- Any personal or family history of psychiatric illness
- History of seizures or epilepsy
- Cardiac history
- Current medications that may interact with Mefloquine
The process:
- Complete a travel health assessment: Provide full details of your destination, travel dates, and medical and psychiatric history.
- Beoordeling door arts: An independent EU-registered doctor reviews your assessment and determines whether Lariam or an alternative antimalarial is most appropriate.
- Recept en levering: If a prescription is issued, it is forwarded to a licensed EU pharmacy partner for dispensing and delivery.
Important: Prescrivia garandeert niet that a prescription will be issued. All prescribing decisions are made independently by qualified medical professionals.
Belangrijke veiligheidsinformatie
Do not take Lariam if you have:
- A personal or family history of psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, psychosis, bipolar disorder)
- A history of epilepsy or seizures
- Cardiac conduction abnormalities (e.g., QT prolongation, heart block)
- Known hypersensitivity to Mefloquine or quinine
- Are in the first trimester of pregnancy
Stop Lariam immediately and seek medical advice if you develop:
- Anxiety, depression, restlessness, or confusion
- Unusual or vivid dreams, hallucinations
- Palpitations, fainting, or chest pain
- Severe dizziness or balance problems
Informeer uw arts if you are taking:
- Other medicines that affect the heart rhythm (QT-prolonging drugs)
- Antiepileptics
- Beta-blockers or other antihypertensives
- Halofantrine (severe cardiac interaction — do not combine)
Bronnen
Medical information on this page is based on the following sources:
- Europees Geneesmiddelenbureau (EMA). Lariam (Mefloquine) — Summary of Product Characteristics. ema.europa.eu
- Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO). International Travel and Health: Malaria. who.int
- EMA. PRAC recommends updating the warnings for mefloquine-containing medicines. EMA/PRAC signal. 2013.
- Nevin RL. Mefloquine and posttraumatic stress disorder: a causal association. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014.
This content is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for travel health advice specific to your circumstances.
Frequently asked questions
- Wat is Lariam used for?
- Lariam (Mefloquine) is an antimalarial medicine used for the prevention and treatment of malaria, including malaria caused by Chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It is taken once weekly and is one of three main antimalarial prophylactics recommended for travellers to high-risk malaria areas.
- What are the neuropsychiatric side effects of Lariam?
- Lariam carries a well-documented risk of neuropsychiatric side effects, which include vivid dreams, insomnia, anxiety, depression, paranoia, hallucinations, and in rare cases, more severe psychiatric events. The EMA requires Lariam to carry a black box warning about these risks. Any neuropsychiatric symptoms should be reported to a doctor immediately and the medicine stopped.
- Who should not take Lariam?
- Lariam is contraindicated in people with a history of psychiatric illness (including depression, anxiety disorders, or psychosis), epilepsy or seizure disorders, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and known hypersensitivity to Mefloquine or related compounds. It is generally not recommended as first-line for most travellers given the risk profile.
- How early before travel should I start Lariam?
- Lariam should ideally be started 2–3 weeks before departure to a malaria-risk area. Starting early allows any neuropsychiatric side effects to become apparent before travel begins, giving time to switch to an alternative antimalarial if needed.
- Kan ik Lariam online in Europa krijgen?
- You can access Lariam through online intermediary platforms that connect you with independent EU-registered doctors. Due to the serious risk profile of Mefloquine, doctors conduct a thorough assessment of your psychiatric history and overall health before determining whether it is appropriate for you.
Behandelingen
Prescrivia is uitsluitend een bemiddelingsplatform. Wij bieden geen medische diensten aan, schrijven geen behandelingen voor en verstrekken geen medicijnen. Alle medische beslissingen worden genomen door onafhankelijke EU-geregistreerde artsen. Alle medicijnen worden verstrekt door erkende EU-apotheken. Dit platform faciliteert verbindingen tussen patiënten en zorgverleners.