Čo je Terbinafine?
Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal medicine used primarily to treat dermatophyte fungal infections of the skin and nails. It is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and is considered a first-line treatment for fungal nail infection (onychomycosis) and tinea infections.
In the context of sexual health, terbinafine is most commonly prescribed for fungal infections of the groin (tinea cruris, also known as “jock itch”) and the genital skin area, which may be associated with or confused with sexually transmitted conditions. Understanding that these are dermatophyte fungal infections (not candidal or STI-related) is important for selecting appropriate treatment.
Terbinafine is available as oral tablets (250 mg) for systemic treatment of nail and widespread skin infections, and as topical cream (1%) for localised skin fungal infections.
Ako funguje Terbinafine?
Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal that works by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, a fungal enzyme involved in the early stages of ergosterol biosynthesis. This mechanism differs from azole antifungals (fluconazole, clotrimazole), which act at a later stage in the same biosynthetic pathway.
Postup je nasledovný:
- Squalene epoxidase inhibition: Terbinafine inhibits the enzyme that converts squalene to squalene epoxide, an early step in ergosterol synthesis.
- Squalene accumulation: The block causes squalene to accumulate within the fungal cell to toxic levels, as squalene epoxide cannot be formed.
- Ergosterol depletion: The fungal cell membrane becomes deficient in ergosterol, disrupting membrane integrity.
- Dual mechanism of toxicity: Both the depletion of ergosterol and the toxic accumulation of squalene contribute to fungal cell death.
- Fungicidal against dermatophytes: Terbinafine is fungicidal (kills fungi) against dermatophytes at clinically relevant concentrations, contributing to its high cure rates for nail infections.
Why terbinafine is selective for fungi: Squalene epoxidase is present in both humans and fungi, but terbinafine has approximately 10,000 times greater selectivity for the fungal enzyme than the human enzyme.
Limited Candida activity: Terbinafine is predominantly fungistatic (growth-inhibiting) rather than fungicidal against Candida species, which is why it is not the preferred choice for candidal infections.
Pre koho je určený/á Terbinafine?
Oral terbinafine is indicated for:
- Onychomycosis (fungal nail infection): Caused by dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes) — the most common indication
- Extensive tinea pedis (athlete’s foot): When topical treatment is insufficient
- Tinea corporis (ringworm) and tinea cruris (groin ringworm): For widespread or treatment-resistant cases
Topical terbinafine cream 1% is indicated for:
- Localised tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
- Tinea corporis (ringworm)
- Tinea cruris (jock itch / groin ringworm)
- Pityriasis versicolor (caused by Malassezia species)
Not appropriate for:
- Vaginal candidiasis (use clotrimazole or fluconazole)
- Oral candidiasis (use nystatin or fluconazole)
- Patients with severe liver disease (oral terbinafine is contraindicated)
- Pregnancy (avoid systemic terbinafine unless clearly necessary; topical use may be acceptable in some cases — doctor assessment required)
Dávkovanie
Oral Terbinafine (systemic treatment)
| Indication | Dose | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Fingernail onychomycosis | 250 mg once daily | 6 weeks |
| Toenail onychomycosis | 250 mg once daily | 12 weeks |
| Tinea pedis (extensive) | 250 mg once daily | 2–6 weeks |
| Tinea corporis / tinea cruris (extensive) | 250 mg once daily | 2–4 weeks |
Oral terbinafine can be taken with or without food.
Topical Terbinafine Cream 1%
| Indication | Application | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) | Once or twice daily | 1–2 weeks |
| Tinea corporis / cruris | Once or twice daily | 1–2 weeks |
| Pityriasis versicolor | Once daily | 2 weeks |
Apply a thin layer to the affected area and 2–3 cm of surrounding skin. Allow to dry.
Vedľajšie účinky
Oral Terbinafine
Common side effects (affecting 1 to 10 in 100 people):
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite
- Headache
- Taste disturbances (dysgeusia) — including loss of taste; usually reversible after stopping but can persist
- Skin rash and urticaria
Less common side effects:
- Elevated liver enzymes (liver function monitoring is recommended)
- Joint and muscle pain (arthralgia, myalgia)
- Dizziness
Rare but serious:
- Hepatotoxicity: Serious liver reactions including cholestasis, hepatitis, and very rarely liver failure — monitor for jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, persistent nausea
- Severe skin reactions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (very rare)
- Haematological effects: Agranulocytosis, pancytopenia (very rare)
- Taste loss: Severe, prolonged taste disturbance or complete taste loss has been reported; may last months after stopping treatment
Topical Terbinafine
Generally well tolerated. Local skin reactions (burning, itching, redness) at the application site are uncommon.
Terbinafine vs alternatívy
| Treatment | Route | Duration | Cure Rate (Toenail) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terbinafine | Oral | 12 weeks | ~60–80% | First-line; fungicidal |
| Itraconazole | Oral (pulse) | 3 months | ~50–70% | Alternative; drug interactions |
| Fluconazole | Oral | 6–12 months | ~40–60% | Longer course; weekly dosing |
| Amorolfine | Topical nail lacquer | 6–12 months | ~35–50% | For mild cases; no liver risk |
Oral terbinafine is generally considered the most effective oral treatment for toenail onychomycosis due to its fungicidal activity against dermatophytes.
Ako získať Terbinafine online v Európe
Oral Terbinafine je liek viazaný na lekársky predpis vo všetkých členských štátoch EÚ. Nemožno ho legálne vydať bez platného predpisu od licencovaného lekára.
Prescrivia pôsobí ako technologický sprostredkovateľ: nepredpisujeme lieky, nezamestnávame lekárov ani nepredávame lieky. Naša platforma spája pacientov s nezávislými lekármi registrovanými v EÚ, ktorí môžu vykonávať dôverné online zdravotné posúdenia.
Postup je nasledovný:
- Vyplňte zdravotný dotazník: Describe the affected nails or skin, duration of infection, and any relevant medical history including liver disease or other medications.
- Posúdenie lekárom: An independent EU-registered doctor reviews your assessment. If terbinafine is clinically appropriate, they may issue a prescription.
- Predpis a vybavenie: The prescription is sent to a licensed EU pharmacy partner for dispensing and direct delivery.
Important: Prescrivia does not guarantee that a prescription will be issued. All prescribing decisions are made independently by qualified medical professionals.
Dôležité bezpečnostné informácie
Do not take oral Terbinafine if you:
- Have active or chronic liver disease
- Have severe kidney disease
- Are pregnant (avoid unless clearly necessary — discuss with doctor)
- Are breastfeeding (terbinafine passes into breast milk — avoid)
- Are allergic to terbinafine
Tell your doctor before taking Terbinafine if you:
- Have any history of liver problems
- Have autoimmune conditions such as lupus (terbinafine has been associated with triggering or worsening cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Are taking other medicines metabolised by the CYP2D6 enzyme, including antidepressants (TCAs, SSRIs), antipsychotics, and beta-blockers (terbinafine inhibits CYP2D6)
- Are taking ciclosporin (terbinafine may reduce ciclosporin blood levels)
- Are taking caffeine-containing medicines (terbinafine reduces caffeine metabolism)
Zdroje
Lekárske informácie na tejto stránke vychádzajú z nasledujúcich zdrojov:
- European Medicines Agency (EMA). Terbinafine — Summary of Product Characteristics. Available at: ema.europa.eu
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 22nd edition, 2021. who.int
- Gupta AK, et al. Onychomycosis: a review of clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2020.
Tento obsah je pravidelne prehodnocovaný s ohľadom na aktualizované klinické usmernenia. Je poskytovaný len na informačné účely a nepredstavuje lekárske poradenstvo. Vždy sa poraďte s kvalifikovaným zdravotníckym pracovníkom o rade týkajúcej sa Vašich individuálnych zdravotných okolností.
Frequently asked questions
- Na čo sa používa Terbinafine?
- Terbinafine is an antifungal medicine primarily used to treat dermatophyte fungal infections of the nails (onychomycosis) and skin. Common conditions treated include fungal nail infection (tinea unguium), athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (tinea corporis), and fungal groin infection (tinea cruris). It is available as oral tablets and topical cream.
- Ako dlho does oral Terbinafine take to work for nail fungal infection?
- Oral terbinafine is taken for 6 weeks for fingernail infections and 12 weeks for toenail infections. However, because nails grow slowly, visible improvement may not be apparent for several months after completing treatment. Full nail clearance can take 6–12 months or more after the course ends, as the healthy nail gradually grows out replacing the infected nail.
- Is Terbinafine effective against vaginal thrush?
- No. Terbinafine is highly effective against dermatophyte fungi (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton species) but has limited activity against Candida species, which cause vaginal thrush. For vaginal candidiasis, antifungals such as clotrimazole (Canesten Gyno) or fluconazole (Diflucan) should be used instead.
- Aké sú the liver-related risks with oral Terbinafine?
- Oral terbinafine can rarely cause liver enzyme elevations and, very rarely, serious hepatic events including liver failure. The EMA recommends that liver function should be assessed before starting oral terbinafine, and patients should be monitored for signs of liver problems during treatment. Terbinafine should be discontinued if liver problems develop.
- Môžem získať Terbinafine online v Európe?
- Prístup k prípravku môžete získať prostredníctvom online sprostredkovateľských platforiem, ktoré Vás spoja s nezávislými lekármi registrovanými v EÚ. Po vyplnení dôverného zdravotného dotazníka lekár posúdi, či je liek pre Vás klinicky vhodný.
Liečba
Prescrivia je iba sprostredkovateľská platforma. Neposkytujeme lekárske služby, nepredpisujeme liečbu ani nevydávame lieky. Všetky lekárske rozhodnutia robia nezávislí lekári registrovaní v EÚ. Všetky lieky vydávajú licencované lekárne v EÚ. Táto platforma uľahčuje spojenie medzi pacientmi a poskytovateľmi zdravotnej starostlivosti.